Research

EXPERT Opinions

Decades of research have found that moderate amounts of caffeine consumed by the general, healthy adult population are safe and do not harm health. Caffeine’s safety is supported by its long history of consumption and extensive studies.
The following are some of the expert opinions and studies regarding caffeine’s safety and effects.

CAFFEINE Studies

Beverage caffeine intakes in the U.S.

Trends in intake and sources of caffeine in the diets of US adults: 2001–2010

Sources of Caffeine in Diets of US Children and Adults: Trends by Beverage Type and Purchase Location

Caffeine and cardiovascular health

Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children

DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR Americans

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) addressed caffeine for the first time in 2015. In late 2020, the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans were released and addressed caffeine again. The new guidelines did not change the current recommendation of up to 400mg/day for healthy adults. However, the Guidelines were expanded to include recommendations for healthy pregnant and lactating women. As caffeine passes from a mother to her infant in small amounts through breast milk, the Guidelines suggest that healthy pregnant lactating women can safely consume low to moderate amounts (about 300 milligrams or less per day, which is about two to three cups of coffee). Women are encouraged to talk with their healthcare provider about consuming caffeine during pregnancy or while lactating.